Electrical-arc-welding electrode and process of making



UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JACK CHUBCHWABD, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO WILSON WELIOER & METALS COMPANY INC., A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

ELECTRICAL-ABC-WELDING ELECTRODE AND PROCESS Oil? MAKING.

80 Drawing.

' To all whom it may concern:

. Be it known that I, JACK CHURCHWARD, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electrical-Arc-WVclding Electrodes and Processes of Making, of which the following is a specification.

This invention consists in an electrical arc-welding electrode, and a process for making it. I The object of the invention is to provide an arc-welding electrode possessing superior welding characteristics which will not be liable to impairment by rough handling after manufacture, for instance, by abrasion, bending, twisting, vibration, etc.

It has been heretofore known that an arc-welding electrode, such as an iron or steel wire, may be caused to fuse more uniformly and .produce a weld with less oxidization and greater ductility, by covering the surface of the electrode with one of various substances which may be generically termed weld-regulating substances. Calcium hydroxid is a good weld-regulatingsubstance for the purpose of forming such a weld-regulating coating on an iron or steel electrode.

I have discovered that the weld-regulating coating may be made to adhere to the electrode wire with great tenacity and permanence, if it is applied not to the ordinarily clean or dense metallic surface of the wire, but to an intermediate binding surface especially adapted to be impregnated or pern'ieated by the calcium hydroxid or other weld-regulating substance, for instance a sull coating or rust coating, or a surface of sufiicient molecular roughness or porosity formed upon the wire by any suitable process.

For example, my invention may be practised as follows:

acid in the manner of the ordinary pickling I process, to remove or loosen all the scale upon its surface, after which it is thoroughly Specification of Letters Patent. Application filed July 21, 1919. Serial No. 312,217.

Patented Mar. 9, 1020.

washed in water to remove the remaining acid and loose scale or smut from its surface. The rod is then sprayed or otherwise kept wet with acidulated water, for instance, dilute sulfuric acid, until a fully developed rust coating or sull coating has been formed, after which it is dipped several times in hot milk of lime, that is to say, a supersaturated solution of calcium hydroxid in which a portion of the lime is held in solution and a portion in suspension. The rod may be dried or partially dried between successive immersions in the lime bath, .in order to accun'iulate a substantial lime coating.

This lime treatment not only neutralizes the free acid remaining on the wire, but the lime coating is also adapted to impregnate or penetrate or in some manner consolidate with the rust coating or sull coating so as to adhere to the rod with great permanence, this effect being enhanced by baking the rod at about 300 F.,

and then drawing it through one or more ordinary wire-drawing dies to reduce it to convenient size for ordinary arc-weld ing electrodes, for instance, approximately .148 inch in diameter. The lime coating adheres and spreads during the wire-draw ing operation and seems'to become thoroughly incorporated into or united with the sun finish of the wire, so that it endures as a virtually integral surface under any subsequent handling, bending, twisting or abrading treatment to which the wire is ordinarily subjected in transportation and use. It appears that the intense compressive and rubbing action of the wire drawing die or dies, assists in thus consolidating the lime on the sull finished surface of the wire, while at the same time the lime acts as a lubricant in the wiredrawing operation. I

My invention. may also be practised in modified ways, within its general principles, and the scope of the following claims:

1. An arc-welding electrode consisting in an elongate meta lic welding element having a binding surface adapted forconsolidation with a weld-regulatingwsubstance, and a superposed surface of weldtil) regulating substance incorpo'ated thereon and consolidated therewith.

2. .\n arc-welding electrode consisting in an elongate metallic welding element having a binding surface adapted to be consolidated with a weld-regulating substance by con'iprcssioll, and a superposed surface of weld-regulating substance compressed thereon.

3. An arc-welding electrode consisting in an elongate ferro-inetallic welding element having a sull finished surface and a superposed surface of weld-regulating substance incorporated thereon.

4. Au arc-welding electrode consisting in an elongate ferro-metallic welding element having a sull finished surface and a superposed surface of weld-regulating substance incorporated thereon and consolidated therewith by rubbing compression. 7

5. An arc-welding electrode consisting in an elongate ferro-metallic welding element having a sull finished surface and a superposed weld-regulating surface of an alkaline substance incorporated thereon.

(3. An arc-welding electrode consisting in an elongate ferro-inetallic welding element having a sull finished surface and a superposed weld-regulating surface of calcium hydroxid incorporated thereon.

7. The process of manufacturing an arcwelding electrode which consists in modifying the surface of an elongate metallic welding-element to adapt it for consolidation with a. weld-regulating substance, and incorporating thereon a superposed surface composed of a weld -regulating substance.

8. The process of manufacturing an arc welding electrode which consists in modifying the surface of an elongate metallic welding element to adapt it for consolidation with a weld-regulating substance, incorporating thereon a superposed surface composed of a weld-regulating substance, and consolidating said weld-regulating substance with the modified surface of the welding element by rubbing compression.

The process of manufacturing an arcwelding electrode which consists in producing a sull finish on the surface of an elongate 'ferro-metallic welding element, and fixing thereon a superposed surface con-' sistingof a weld-regulating. substance.

10. The process of manufacturing an arcwelding electrode which consists in producing a sull finish on the surface of an clongate ferro-metallic welding element. and fixing thereon a superposed weld-re ulating surface consisting of an alkaline substance.

11. The process of manufacturing an arcwelding electrode which consists in modifying the surface of an elongate metallic welding element to adapt it for consolidation with a weld-regulating substance, and

baking thereon a superposed surface composed of a weld-regulating substance.

12. The process of manufacturing an arcwelding electrode which consists in produc ing a sull finish on an elongate ferro-mctallic welding element, applying thereto a superposed surface consisting of a weldregulating substance, and baking the electrode to permanently incorporate the weldregulating substance and the sull finish together.

13. The process of manufacturing an arcwelding electrode which consists in producing a sull finish on an elongate ferro-me- 'tallic welding element, applying thereto a superposed weld-regulating surface consisting of an alkaline substance, and baking the welding element to permanently in corporate its sull finish and the alkaline substance together.

14. The process of manufacturing an arcwelding electrode which consists in producing a sull finish on an elongate ferro-metallic welding element, applying thereto a superposed weld-regulating surface of calcium hydroxid, and baking the welding element to permanently incorporate its sull finish and the calcium hydroxid together.

15. The process of manufacturing an arcwelding electrode which consists in producing a sull finish on an elongate ferro-metallic welding element, immersing the element in a bath containing an alkaline weld-- regulating substance adapted to be precipitated on the welding element, and baking the element to permanently consolidate its sull finish and the superposed alkaline substance received thereon from the said bath.

substance received thereon from the said bath. I.

17. The process of manufacturing an arc-welding electrode which consistsin producing a sull finish on an elongate ferron'ictallicwelding element, immersing the element repeatedly in a bath holding in suspension a finely divided alkaline weldregulating substance and permitting evaporation of liquid from the surface of said element between said immersions, and making the welding element to permanently consolidate its sull finish and the su erposed alkaline substance received thereon from the said bath.

18. The process of manufacturing an arcwelding electrode which consists in producing a sull finish on an elongate ferro-metallic welding element. immersing the element in a hot bath of milk of lime. and baking the electrode to permanently fix the deposited lime on its sull finish.

19. The process of manufacturing an arcwelding electrode which consists in modifying the surface of an elongate metallic welding element to adapt it for consolidation with a weld-regulating substance, and drawing the element through a wire-fornb ing die while interposing a weld-regulating substance between said (lie and the modified surface of the welding element.

In testimony whereof, I have aflixed my signature to this specification.

JACK CHURCHWARD. 

